Jumat, 15 Juni 2012
Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2
Jumat, 13 April 2012
Auxiliary
Arip Wibowo
11208458
4ea04
1. May
Uses ( present/ future)
a. Formal permission :
b. Less than 50% certainty : Shares of the following companies may have unusual moves in Indonesian trading
2. Might
Uses( present/ future )
a. Less than 50% certainty : Identify one potential economic risk and one potential economic benefit that Luisa might have considered in making her decision.
b. Polite request :
3. Should
Uses( present/ future )
a. Advisability : That is employees should fully understand about issues that affect their working atmosphere (Magner et al. (1996).
b. 90% Certainty : All these approaches should be avoided if managers want to minimize employee turnover an increase organisational competitiveness in this environment of globalization.
4. ought to
Uses( present/ future )
a. advisability : When in conflict, personal freedom ought to be valued above economic security.
b. 90% Certainty : We ought to fix the economy by bailing out the financial industry.
5. had better
Uses( present/ future )
a. Advisability with threat of bad result : those transition economies that demonstrated higher compliance with IMF structural performance criteria had better records of sustained economic growth.
6. be supposed to
Uses( present/ future )
a. expectation : It is distinct from a descriptive statement that is supposed to be value/ideologically neutral.
7. be to
Uses( present/ future )
a. Strong expectation : All these makes employees to be committed to the organization and chances of quitting are minimal.
8. Must
Uses( present/ future )
a. Prohibition (negative) : our public services must not become snarled up in red tape.
b. 95% Certainty : This study shows that many other indicators must be considered to understand income distribution situation in the developing country,
9. have to
Uses( present/ future )
a. Necessity : When I see what many experts have to say about the economy
b. Lack of Necessity (negative) : They’re easy to plan, and you don’t have to worry about where you’ll eat or how you’ll get from point A to point B.
10. have go to
Uses( present/ future )
a. Necessity : we have got to lift our productivity and competitiveness.
11. Will
Uses( present/future )
A. 100% Certainty : Based on most of states experiences, economic development will support the increasing standard of living which is quicker for minorities people who dominate economy’s assets.
B. Polite request ; Will India be able to tide over the present economic crisis ?
12. be going to
Uses( present/future )
a. 100% Certainty : it is going to be for a long period of time
b. Definite plan : The investments in clean energy in years to come are going to be very important, of course, it is a feature of the Government's clean energy future package.
13. Can
Uses( present/future )
a. Ability / Possibility : we can start with two definitions that seem relevant here.
b. Informal polite request : Can Consumers & Taxpayers Be Saved From The Bonus-Crazed Financial Sector?
14. Could
Uses( present/future )
a. Suggestion : his priority was to ensure the Commission could genuinely say the lessons from the global financial crisis had been learnt.
b. Less than 50% certainty : Empowerment of employees could help to enhance the
continuity of employees in organisations.
15. be able to
Uses( present/future )
a. Ability : The English speaking world needs the inflow of capital to be able to finance their current account deficits and maintain domestic liquidity.
16. Would
Uses( present/future )
a. Preference : but it would seem at least as true that courses in ethics and religious studies are unlikely to confront either economic arguments or economic data that relate to their subjects.
b. Repeated action in the past :
17. used to
Uses( present/future )
a. Repeated action in the past : Chiness group (non-native) used to become victims of anarchy acts caused the group were guessed
18. Shall
Uses( present/future )
a. Polite question to make a suggestion : Dubai Economic Outlook: Let’s keep it real, shall we?
b. Future with “I” or “we” as subject : since in the contract between him and the laborer it is not stipulated that the latter shall work only the number of hours necessary to produce enough for his own needs.
Jumat, 16 Maret 2012
Conditional Sentence
IF CONDITIONAL
Future Unreal Conditional
BENTUK Ke 1 (Bentuk Yang Paling Umum)
- [If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...]
- [... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]
PENGGUNAAN
Future Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang situasi yang kita bayangkan di masa yang akan datang. Bentuk ini tidak sama dengan Future Real Conditional karena apapun bisa terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Bentuk ini hanya digunakan ketika si pembicara perlu untuk menekankan bahwa sesuatu itu tidak mungkin. Karena bentuk ini hampir sama dengan Present Unreal Conditional, banyak native speaker lebih suka menggunakan bentuk ke 2 di bawah
Contoh:
- If I had a day off from work next week, I would go to the beach.
I don’t have a day off from work. - I am busy next week. If I had time, I would come to your party.
I can’t come. - Jerry would help me with my homework tomorrow if he didn’t have to work.
He does have to work tomorrow.
BENTUK Ke 2
- [If ... were + present participle ..., ... would be + present participle ...]
- [... would be + present participle ... if ... were + present participle ...]
PENGGUNAAN
Bentuk ke 2 dari Future Unreal Conditional juga digunakan untuk membayangkan apa yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Native speaker lebih suka menggunakan bentuk ini dari pada bentuk ke 1 untuk menekankan pengandaian di masa yang akan datang. Perhatikan contoh kalimat di bawah ini bahwa bentuk ini dapat digunakan dalam bentuk if-clause, hasil, ATAU Kedua bagian kalimat.
Contoh:
- If I were going to Fiji next week, I would be taking my scuba diving gear with me. In if-clause dan hasil.
I am not going to go to Fiji and I am not going to take my scuba gear with me. - If I were not visiting my grandmother tomorrow, I would help you study. Dalam if-clause.
I am going to visit my grandmother tomorrow. - I am busy next week. If I had time, I would be coming to your party. Hasilnya
I am not going to come to your party.
BENTUK Ke 3
- [If ... were going to + verb ..., ... would be + present participle ...]
- [... would be + present participle ... if ... were going to + verb ...]
PENGGUNAAN
Bentuk ke 3 dari Future Unreal Conditional merupakan bentuk variasi dari bentuk ke 2 yang juga digunakan untuk menjelaskan situasi yang kita bayangkan di masa yang akan datang. Perhatikan bahwa bentuk ini hanya berbeda dengan bentuk ke-2 dalam hal “if-clause”. Native speaker menggunakan bentuk ke-3 ini untuk menekankan bahwa bentuk conditional ini merupakan rencana atau prediksi.
Contoh:
- If I were going to go to Fiji next week, I would be taking my scuba diving gear with me. (I am not going to go to Fiji and I am not going to take my scuba gear with me.)
- If I were not going to visit my grandmother tomorrow, I would help you study. (I am going to visit my grandmother tomorrow)
Conditional I
Digunakan untuk mengekspresikan pengandaian yang dibuat berdasarkan fakta di masa sekarang atau masa yang akan datang dan pengandaian ini bisa saja terjadi. Klausa if biasanya dalam bentuk Present Simple Tense.
Rumus
(Klausa IF) (Induk Kalimat)
If I see you tomorrow, I will buy you a drink.
Atau
(Induk Kalimat) (Klausa IF)
I will buy you a drink if I see you tomorrow.
Kita sering menggunakan unless yang artinya ‘jika… tidak.
Rumus
(Klausa IF) (Induk Kalimat)
Unless you hand in your homework, I won’t mark it.
Artinya
If you don’t hand in your homework, I won’t mark it.
Atau
(Induk Kalimat) (Klausa IF)
I won’t mark your homework unless you hand it in.
Artinya
I won’t mark your homework if you don’t hand it in.
Catatan: Kita tidak pernah menggunakan will, atau won’t dalam Klausa IF.
Contoh:
• If I have time today, I will phone my friend. = I will phone my friend, if I have time today.
• If I go to England, I will buy some Cheddar cheese. = I will buy some Cheddar cheese, if I go to England.
Reference:
Allen, W Standart. “Living English Structure”. Longman, 1974. London